Question about rank in the new Star Trek movie

[jessikast]

Okay, so I was assuming that while Spock has the rank of Commander, the other characters (Kirk, McCoy, Uhura etc) were co-opted from essentially undergraduate studies, and have the rank of Cadet - not even Ensign yet.

However, I have just noticed (while not at all watching a downloaded cam version of the movie) that when Uhura confronts Spock regarding her ship assignment, he refers to her as Lieutenant.

Even assuming that she holds the rank of Lieutenant J.G. rather than Lieutenant, that is still a step above Ensign.

So:

1) Do the other characters also hold a rank?
2) Could it be that they have enlisted, achieved a rank, and are now studying further? (Uhura presumably for Communications, Kirk in command track etc...but what would Bones be studying? He is already a qualified doctor, which I vaguely remember means that once he is CMO, at least, he automatically achieves the rank of Lieutenant Commander.)
3) Why does Uhura wear the red cadet uniform rather than the dark post-grad(?) uniform worn by Spock at the academy, and why does she wear the cadet uniform when serving on the Enterprise? Unless her red uniform is just that she's in operations colours?
4) WHERE THE FUCK DO WOMEN PUT THEIR RANK INSIGNIA ON THOSE STUPID LITTLE DRESSES, FFS?
5) Does this make the teacher/student Spock/Uhura relationship less squicky? Yes, yes it does.

ETA: The red/dark grey uniforms aren't the dress uniforms, are they?